8 opciones visa trabajo o green card para profesionales

Edith Wharton Books

Edith Wharton Books Edith Wharton composed a few books somewhere in the range of 1900 and 1938. Wharton voyaged broadly during the World War I and helped war casualties in Paris. Her epic, The Age of Innocence won the Pulitzer cost. Pundits and perusers believed this novel to be the best scholarly work of Edith Wharton.Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on Edith Wharton Books explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The epic mirrors the longing and double-crossing in the old city of New York. A few works of Wharton show broad utilization of emotional incongruity. Her works mirror the lives of American high society using cleverness and compassion in depicting their lives, and changes in New York towards the start of the twentieth century. This exposition will break down two short stories (Roman Fever and The Other Two) of Wharton regarding subjects and elaborate highlights. Women's activist pundits have taken a gander at crafted by Wharton in relations to winning social an d political conditions with respect to acknowledgment of ladies. The social angles concentrated on conjugal obligations and duties of ladies, specific in The Other Two and Roman Fever. Wharton takes a gander at the social partiality against ladies at her occasions. For example, she examines issues of sexual satisfaction men got from ladies, relationships for accommodation, vindictive separation, and expert working relations. She considers sexual to be of ladies as smothered by men, and ladies tamely acknowledged and disguised their jobs in a man centric culture as the other sex. Ladies accepted lies of men regarding their sexual and obligations in the public arena. It is the social authority that makes the otherness in ladies. Women's activists accept that men wish to control ladies in light of their endeavors for sexual predominance. Wharton tends to social difficulties and favorable circumstances ladies get from being spouses of socially and monetarily propelled men. Wharton shows that ladies esteem economic wellbeing instead of adoration. In Roman Fever, Alida Slade gets her satisfaction from social favorable circumstances she gets from Delphin as a spouse. For example, the creator takes note of that â€Å"It was a major drop from being the spouse of Delphin Slade to being his widow. As the spouse of the well known partnership attorney, consistently with a global case or two close by, consistently brought its energizing and surprising commitment: the offhand engaging of famous associates from abroad, the rushed runs on lawful business to London, Paris or Rome, where the engaging was so abundantly responded; the entertainment of hearing in her wakes: What, that attractive lady with the great garments and the eyes is Mrs. Slade-the Slades spouse! Truly! By and large the spouses of big names are such frumps† (Wharton 83). Then again, in The Other Two, Wharton takes a gander at the job and status of ladies, difficulties of wedded ladies, kids and parent relationship, separate from issues and the dynamic social society with a basic point of view on relationships outside marriage. The writer takes note of that each lady must pick what works for her in social context.Advertising Looking for exposition on american writing? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For example, a few ladies choose not to wed, however decide to confront the social hazard by utilizing an impermanent contacts expand on sexual wants and common trusts. On the other hand, in Roman Fever, Mrs. Slade sees marriage as a methods for making social progress. These contemplations make harsh opponents among the ladies battling for a similar man. Wharton’s The Other Two exhibits how ladies have utilized separation and remarriage to propel themselves in the social stepping stool. This is the thing that Alice Waythorn does. Alice has had the option to accomplish and adjust to new relationships and desires. Alice b elieves herself to be at the most elevated purpose of achievement when she is Waythorn’s spouse. After the special night, Mr. Waythorn must face the truth and recognize the way that Alice has changed, however he should acknowledge her the manner in which she is. Wharton attempts to show how men have constantly characterized ladies. According to men, ladies have consistently been objects of sexual delight and assets. Simultaneously, men have utilized ladies to make their social collaboration simple and give a dash of solace to their sense of self and serious impulse. Alice doesn't change apparently, however according to Waythorn she experiences a progression of changes. Waythorn likes the juvenile attributes in Alice. This is likewise a quality Waythorn likes since he feels that it makes him look youthful. Waythorn considers Alice to be reserving the option to separate in both her relationships. He feels that Alice was the wronged party. During the start of the story, Waythorn can just observe the positive sides of her darling. Be that as it may, toward the finish of the novel, Waythorn likewise starts to see Alice botches. This makes distress in Waythorn, however he perceives the way that Alice is a blended being much the same as himself. The social world has made ladies into what they are. These manifestations and change of ladies are the items men like Waythorn wants and desire to get. Alice realizes that her body is her lone asset. Along these lines, she should utilize it furthering her potential benefit. In such manner, a lady turns into an item who must be gained by the most noteworthy bidder. Roman Fever takes a gander at the illegal sexual substance in the public eye. Beauty imparts an unlawful and mystery love to Delphin Slade. Wharton takes note of that â€Å"Alida feels somewhat sorry for a second, however her ill will returns when she thinks about that Grace harbored mystery love for her better half throughout the years and had been living o n that letter† (Wharton 86). In this manner, to Grace, Roman Fever doesn't just mean contracting bug, yet additionally the consuming fever of mystery love at the Colosseum. Slade impacts ladies with his assets and riches. Then again, Horace stays sterile and contributes nothing to the story. Horace additionally has no sexual fever to sire youngsters. In this way, Roman Fever turns into an emblematic method of satisfying sexual desires.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Edith Wharton Books explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Wharton shows that ladies are proficient creatures simply like men. Ladies can adjust to any circumstance and progress socially. For example, Alice can adjust to her separations and proceed onward the social stepping stool. Alice further fits into various circumstances by turning into an on-screen character. Wharton intentionally makes men the crowd at the show. Waythorn doesn't care for a few sides of his significant ot her, however he should acknowledge her as an entertainer. Wharton uncovers the negative demeanor society or men have towards female entertainers. Men take a gander at on-screen characters as ladies of free ethics. Be that as it may, they neglect to welcome the troublesome errands of performing. Men feel that ladies have surrendered their protection so as to fulfill open requests for appears. In spite of the fact that men are unappreciative, they should advance towards tolerating various women’s jobs in the public arena as Waythorn does. This point empowers perusers to consider Alice to be an able lady, skilled as an entertainer and ready to beat the difficulties of life. Roman Fever shows that ladies may dismiss local signals, and decide on other social setting in the public arena. For example, Grace Ansley likes to stand up to other people, specific Alida Slades. Alida exhibits the protections from male predominance that has influenced ladies as a fever. Beauty dismisses the social ideas of paternity and leaves her little girl for any admirer and even insights that the two girls (Barbara and Jenny) will be opponents for a similar love. This is a character that places the entire thought of paternity and male centric in America in question. These have been the customary reference point for ladies during times of Wharton. Public activities are brimming with deconstructive interests. There are interests Wharton depicts as adoration, retribution, hatred, desire and dread. These solid interests saturate the connection between Grace Ansley and Alida Slade. There is a solid energy developing among Grace and Delphin (Alida’s fiancã ©). Thusly, dread of losing her fiancã © and want for vengeance expends Alida. She at that point incubates a plot to open Grace to a chill that will make Grace wiped out and stay secluded from Delphin. The following a quarter century contain developing disdain Alida has for Grace. Alida additionally doesn't care for Barbara (Grace’s girl) since she is better than her own (Jenny). Effortlessness should likewise live with a sterile Horace while Delphin, the dad of her girl, lives with Alida in the neighborhood.Advertising Searching for paper on american writing? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More Wharton is an essayist skilled with the utilization of language in communicating the social setting of Americans evolving society. She utilizes language masterfully to assault social and sexual partialities against ladies. Wharton utilizes images in Roman Fever to allude to a few parts of the story. For example, the title of the story Roman Fever shows Grace’s sexual fascination towards Delphin. This prompts siring of an affection youngster, Barbara. This additionally makes scorn between Alida Slade and Grace Ansley. The weaving represents the difficulties joining the social and marriage lives of Grace and Alida. Ruby silk speaks to the enthusiastic love Alida, and Grace presumably have for Delphin. As Grace drops her weaving, an obliterated relationship comes to show between the two characters. Night haziness shows the revelation of dim insider facts among Alida and Grace. Then again, The Other Two shows utilization of imagery through both male and female characters. Waythorn speaks to male figures affected by male centric and financially depended society. Male figures in the changing society have their eyes concentrated on propelling their economic wellbeing in the public arena to the detriment of their relationships. Waythorn can't

Manifest Content of Your Dreams

Manifest Content of Your Dreams Sleep and Dreaming Print Manifest Content of Your Dreams By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on February 10, 2020 Image Source / Getty Images More in Psychology Sleep and Dreaming Psychotherapy Basics Student Resources History and Biographies Theories Phobias Emotions The manifest content of a dream is the actual literal content and storyline of the dream. This is usually contrasted with what is referred to as the latent content or hidden meaning of the dream. For example, imagine that you have a very vivid dream that you fly out your bedroom window and soar around your city. The sights, sounds, and storyline of the dream are the manifest content. A dream interpreter might suggest that your dream reveals a hidden desire to seek freedom from your day-to-day life. This symbolic meaning behind the literal content of the dream is known as the latent content. A Closer Look at the Two Types of Dream Content According to the psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud, the manifest content of a dream includes the actual images, thoughts, and content contained within the dream.?? The manifest content is the elements of the dream that you remember upon awakening. In his book The Interpretation of Dreams, Sigmund Freud suggested that the content of dreams is related to wish fulfillment. Freud believed that the manifest content of a dream, or the actual imagery and events of the dream, served to disguise the latent content or the unconscious wishes of the dreamer.?? For example, if you dreamed that you were being chased by an ominous creature through the dark streets of a strange city, that would be the manifest content of the dream. What that dream might actually mean, or the interpretation of its symbolic meaning, would be considered the latent content. In this case, a dream analyst might suggest that the manifest content of your dream suggests that you are running from something in your life or worried about an upcoming change in your life. How the Mind Disguises Unconscious Thoughts So why does the latent content of a dream end up being hidden by the manifest content? Freud believed that the unconscious mind contained desires, urges, and thoughts that are unacceptable to the conscious mind.?? These might involve traumatic memories, secret desires, or socially objectionable urges that might cause distress if they were brought into awareness. As you recall, Freud believed that dreams served as a form of wish fulfillment. Since we cannot act on our unconscious desires in our waking life, we can explore these feelings in dreams. However, we tend to do this in hidden, symbolic forms. According to Freud, the mind uses a number of different strategies to censor the latent content of a dream. By censoring the unconscious wishes and disguising them in the manifest content, we can explore our hidden thoughts and memories in a way that protects the ego from anxiety. For example, imagine a new person just started working at your office. Everyone else seems to like this person, but you still feel a strange sense of ambivalence. One night, you dream that the new co-worker hates you and is going out of her way to sabotage your efforts and work with the goal of getting you fired. In the dream, she spreads untrue gossip about you throughout the office and even starts taking credit for your work. While the dream is obviously stressful, it does not really reflect the actions of this co-worker. The events of the dream represent the manifest content, but there is clearly something else behind this strange and rather frightening dream. Freud might suggest that you are using a psychological strategy known as a projection to disguise your true feelings about the new co-worker. This defense mechanism involves projecting your feelings onto someone else. The reality is that you deeply dislike the new co-worker, but you realize that these feelings are not shared by your officemates and would be deemed socially unacceptable. So you instead project these feelings onto the co-worker, dreaming that she hates you when it is actually the other way around. By doing this, you can explore your unconscious feelings in a way that seems more acceptable. Some other common ways that the mind censors latent content include displacement, symbolization, rationalization, and condensation.

Essay about Business Ethics - 1439 Words

What is ethics? Ethics can be defined as a set of principles used by an individual to govern his or her decisions in an effort to ensure fairness and equality. Business ethics, as defined by the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy is the applied ethics discipline that addresses the moral features of commercial activity. The same source also gives a history of business ethics which states that the concept as an academic principle is relatively young-only about forty years old; but in general is as old as trade itself. In this paper, the following aspects of ethics will be discussed: Ethical issues faced in business; recent trends in business ethics; international considerations in business ethics; quantitative techniques and ethics.†¦show more content†¦As such, business people go to great lengths to protect the company’s ideas; even going so far as to require employees to sign confidentiality agreements. If an employee gives out confidential information, whethe r voluntarily or involuntarily, it has the potential to set the company back and cause them to lose money. According to Miranda Morley in her article titled ‘What Are the Major Ethical Issues Businesses Face?’ Other issues faced are employee behavior, employee work conditions and supplier/customer relations. If, for example, a supervisor discriminated against an employee because off race, religion or gender it would be deemed unethical. It may also be seen as unethical for an employee to spend company time doing personal activities. In respect to employee work conditions, it is unethical for employers to subject employees to unsafe work areas; to not compensate employees adequately for the work done; or to require an employee to do an unusually difficult task or work unusually long hours. With regard to supplier/customer relations, business owners must consider whether it is ethical to do business with a supplier that has unethical practices. For example a clothing store must decide if they will continue to do business with a supplier who utilizes child labor. Businesses must also ensure that they do not falsely advertise products or services or produce anything sub-standard for clients. Recent Trends in BusinessShow MoreRelatedBusiness Ethics : Ethics And Business943 Words   |  4 Pagesdiscussions in Business is Ethics. Some people believe that the decisions businesses make in interest of the business has no place in ethics and that they are essentially amoral. These businesses believe that their main objective is to simply make a profit and that it does not affect the success of the business. Whereas some businesses believe that they have to take ethics into consideration, in order for their business to be a success. Richard T. De George (1999) states that ethics and business do notRead MoreThe Ethics Of Business Ethics1471 Words   |  6 PagesReview Nowadays, the concern for business ethics is growing rapidly in the business community around the world. Business ethics are focused on the judgment of decisions taken by managers and their behaviors. The issue regarding these judgments is the norms and cultures that shape these judgments. Business ethics are concerned about the issue, how will the issue be solved and how will it move ahead along the transition analysis as well (Carroll, 2014). Business ethics can be addressed at differentRead MoreEthics And Ethics Of Business Ethics1304 Words   |  6 PagesBusiness Ethics Varun Shah University of Texas at Dallas Business Ethics Morals are a crucial part of life. Without having principles one would never be able to distinguish the right from wrong and good from evil. Just as it applies to life in general, ethics is an integral part of doing business as well. When we here the term Business Ethics in our work place, we usually do not take it seriously and brush it off saying ‘it’s just a simple set of basic rules like not cheating and so on’. ThisRead MoreThe Ethics Of Business Ethics Essay1097 Words   |  5 PagesResource A discusses how ethics is crucial in business. There are three key ideas used to understand this. Firstly, making ethically wrong decisions tend to cause more upset than other general mistakes as purposeful unethical actions are not as easily forgiven or forgotten. Secondly, ethics provides businesses with a broader understanding of everything to do with their business. Business ethics is effectively just business it its larger human context. Thirdly, being unethical ca n tarnish the publicRead MoreThe Ethics Of Business Ethics1064 Words   |  5 Pages　　　　Business Ethics Ethics can be viewed as the rules and values that determine goals and actions people should follow when dealing with other human beings. However, business ethics can be defined as moral principles of a business. It examines moral or ethical problems that arise in a business environment. Generally, it has both normative and descriptive dimensions. Organization practice and career specialization are regarded as normative whereas academics attempting to understand business behaviourRead MoreThe Ethics Of Business Ethics757 Words   |  4 Pagesdeciding what to do in certain situations, ethics is what guides an individual to act in a way that is good, or right. Those involved in business settings apply ethics to business situations, known as business ethics. It is expected of businesses, small and large, to follow business ethics. There is a particular framework businesses are to follow. However, the reoccurring news headlines of poor business ethics prove differently. Poor busine ss ethics include bribery, corporate accounting scandalsRead MoreEthics And Ethics Of Business Ethics1200 Words   |  5 PagesEthics meaning in simple way for average person is what is right from wrong. According to Chris MacDonald (2010)† Ethics† can be defined as the critical, structured examinations of how we should behave - in particular, how we should constrain the pursuit of self-interest when our actions affect others. â€Å"Business ethics is the applied ethics discipline that address the moral features of commercial activity (Business ethics, 2008).Working in ethical way in business has a lot of benefits which can attractRead MoreBusiness Ethics Essay944 Words   |  4 PagesUnderstanding Business Ethics Unit 37: National Diploma Assignment brief TASK 1: Scenario: Business ethics - a study of a selected company With growing interest among consumers regarding the business ethics of the businesses brands that consumers buy, Westminster council wants to conduct an independent review of some of the organisations that sell their goods and services in the borough. You have been asked to select one of the following brands and conduct research into their business ethics. Read MoreThe Ethics Of The Business Ethics1431 Words   |  6 Pages BUSINESS ETHICS INTRODUCTION:- Presentation Ethics are exceptionally regular and essential good esteem that helps us to take the right choice where we think that it hard to pick between our own advantages and the correct thing to do. We are going to talk about three sections of morals Behavioral morals, Bounded ethicality and last one is irreconcilable situation. As from the names of these parts of morals, its verging on clarifying the significance of it. It clarifies why great individualsRead MoreThe Ethics Of Business Ethics Essay2711 Words   |  11 PagesBusiness Ethics Business ethics is a type of professional ethics or applied ethics which examines moral problems and ethical principles that come up in a corporate environment. It is applied to every aspect of conducting business. According to Milton Friedman, a company has the responsibility to generate as much revenue as it can while still conforming to the basic rules that society has set. These rules include the ones embodied in customs as well as in law. Similarly, Peter Drucker stated that

Myers Briggs Type Indicator Of Personality - 2295 Words

Myers Briggs Type Indicator Personality is a challenging trait to measure and many personality tests do not stand the test of time once they are applied and researched. Why then, do we find it important to measure personality? Isabel Briggs Myers once said â€Å"It is up to each person to recognize his or her true preferences.† I find this statement to be true in theory and in practice. In today’s social media, one of the most common online quizzes or assessments I come across, is personality test. There appears to be countless ways to find out one’s personality type, but many have not been proven true or accurate. The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, also known as the MBTI and it is a well-known and established, personality inventory. It is a way to do, as Isabel Briggs-Myers said, to find and know your own preferences. The MBTI is based on Carl Jung theories of personality types and commonly used today. It was developed by the mother-daughter team of Katharine Briggs and Isabel Briggs Myers in order to assess personality types. The MBTI was published in 1975 by the Consulting Psychologists Press, Inc. (The Myers Briggs Foundation - Isabel Briggs Myers 2014). Test Description The MBIT was meant to coincide with Jung’s four dichotomies which Katharine Briggs and Isabel Myers followed. After a great deal of research, they came up with a â€Å"self-report instrument with questions on four separate dichotomies† (Myers, Creation of the MBTI ® Types, 2011). Much like Jung, their questionsShow MoreRelatedThe Myers Briggs Personality Type Indicator1700 Words   |  7 Pagesand insightful exercise we have done throughout this course has been the Myers Briggs Personality Type Indicator (MBTI). MBTI has helped me better understand who I am as a person and what strengths and weaknesses I have based on my results. It is crucial for success in college and beyond that I match my major and career to who I am as person. The results for the exercise gave me an ENTJ personality. The ENTJ personality type encompasses a person, who is outgoing, a visionary, argumentative, has aRead MoreMyers Briggs Type Indicator Is A Personality Inventory1352 Words   |   6 PagesMyers-Briggs Type Indicator in Business Introduction I chose the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator topic for my paper because I find it interesting. I have taken the actual Myers-Briggs Test through the career-counseling center on campus, and it gave me a bit of direction in my life. However, I thought it would be more useful to discover the background on it and see how it functions within business. I think using an inventory can tell people a great deal about themselves. Similar to the collectionRead MoreThe Myers Briggs Type Indicator ( Mbti ) Are Both Personality Assessments Essay1096 Words   |  5 PagesThe Birkman Method and The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) are both personality assessments. The Birkman Method is based on the theories of Dr. Roger W. Birkman and the work of Dr. Roy B. Mefferd, Jr. and Dr. Timothy G. Sadler. The MBTI is based on the theories of Dr. Carl Gustav Jung and the work of Katharine Cook Briggs and Isabel Briggs Myers. Both are non-clinical assessments. The working manuals for both assessments have rec ognized and documented, content, construct, criterion-related validitiesRead MoreThe Myers-Briggs Type Indicator is probably the most accepted personality assessment used today.800 Words   |  4 PagesThe Myers-Briggs Type Indicator is probably the most accepted personality assessment used today. It is used by many leading companies including Apple and General Electric. (Carr 2000, pg 29) This test was first developed by the mother/daughter team of Katherine Briggs and Isabel Myers-Briggs whom expanded on Jung’s philosophy. They added a fourth category, which describes how people relate to their environment. This third pair is judgment (J) and perception (P). Judgers are people who evaluateRead MoreMyers Brigg Type Indicator, And The Four Dimensions Of Personality Types1539 Words   |  7 PagesMyers-Brigg Type Indicator The Myers-Brigg Assessment, and the four dimensions of personality types based on the findings of Carl Jung, Isabel Myers and Katharine Briggs, indicates Katie as an ISFJ (intuitive, sensing, feeling, and judging). People falling into this category are often known as nurturers. Additionally, individuals of this personality type tend to be practical, and sensitive towards other’s feelings. These traits make the ISFJ personality ideal for careers such as counselingRead MorePersonality Testing : The Big Five Model And Myers Briggs Type Indicator1767 Words   |  8 Pages Personality is defined as consistent behaviour patterns and intrapersonal processes that come from an individual themselves (Burger 2014).In other words, who we are as a person. Personality factors can be attractive to particular parts of the employment industry for example; being neat and tidy or loud and creative could be an attractive factor to the employer. There is an ongoing debate throughou t society on whether Personality tests are a good indicator of employment strategies and whether theyRead MoreGender Correlation Of The Myers Briggs Type Indicator1531 Words   |  7 PagesRegards to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Mary E. Pyper Aquinas College Abstract One hundred seventy-eight anonymous participants (120 females, 48 males, and 10 non-specified genders) between the ages of 18 and 26 participated in a fifteen question survey regarding how portions of the Myers Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) relate to age and gender. The participants were selected by convenience sampling. Using questions designed to determine two aspects of each subject’s personality type—whether theyRead More Different Learning Styles: Exploring the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator1600 Words   |  7 PagesExploring the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Thesis: Students on a secondary level of education will learn more effectively if their MBTI have been assessed and accommodated to. All students process information differently. These differences can be explained using the Myers-Briggs type indicator. Students on a secondary level of education will learn more effectively if their MBTI have been assessed and accommodated to. The Myers-Briggs type indicator (MBTI) is a type of personality test toRead MorePersonality Type Assessment1336 Words   |  6 PagesPersonality Type Assessment (Week-2 Individual Assignment) CMGT/530 - IT Organizational Behavior July 1, 2012 Personality Type Assessment The first section of this paper details the elements that a personality type assessment typically measures. The second section contains discussion on the personality type assessment of the author of this paper. In the third and last section, the author shares how his personal assessment outcomes could affect his workRead MoreMyers Briggs Type Indicator ( Mbti )1335 Words   |  6 PagesMyers-Briggs Type Indicator The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) is used to identify an individual’s psychological characteristics the personality. This assessment coincides with Carl G. Jung’s theory that objectives and drives of a person ascribes to the individuals course in life (Schustack, 2012). Isabel Briggs Myers and Katharine Briggs developed the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator by concentrating on the principles of Jung’s theory. According to the Myers Briggs Foundation, Jung’s theory is

Challenges of Adopting Cloud Computing

Question: Discuss about the Challenges of Adopting Cloud Computing. Answer: Introduction: According to Grant (2016) the stakeholders of Google are highly diverse because the vast array of offered products by the company. The diversification of the company includes the original products of the company such as Gmail, Web Browser, YouTube, as well as new products like Google Ventures, Google Green, and Google.org. The stakeholders of Google come from different groups and through various businesses. If the company needs to maintain its leadership in the digital market, it should address the interest of its stakeholders through appropriate corporate social responsibility policies (Rothaermel 2015). The current CSR efforts of the company are quite comprehensive and satisfactory, although still there are opportunities to improve the CSR efforts to grow stronger in the international business arena. The Stakeholder Groups of Google The stakeholders are those people who have an impact on the business or are impacted by it. The stakeholders of Google are from different groups of shared interest, so several CSR policies of the company is focused towards these stakeholder groups (Peters et al. 2014). The most important stakeholders of Google are the users, advertisers, investors, employees, Governments and communities. These stakeholders affect the interest of the company by pushing their satisfaction range. Google considers its users to be the most significant stakeholders in terms of affecting the firm and effectively considers the interest of stakeholders to design and develop the CSR policies of the company. Like other big organizations, Google has also faced ethical issues; the concept of the firm was not being evil, after it was questioned regarding the privacy issues. The individuals and the organizations using the services of Google are the user generally. However, the users do not pay for using the services like Chrome or Gmail or the search engine by Google, but this group is mostly interested in the usefulness of the company and its services. According to Mason and Simmons (2014), these stakeholders are the most significant for the company because they define the popularity of the company. The main problem aroused with the users of Google is the privacy issue. Nowadays modern technology lets the software systems like Google track the online activity of the users and might use those information to modify the advertisements and sell those to the marketers. Many customers feel that this is just a pay for using the free services provided by the company. However, Google states clearly in their privacy policy that how they collect the information of users and use them to stay transparent, there are gray areas arise regarding the use of information ( Hrisch, Freeman and Schaltegger 2014). It might create legal and reputational problem for the general users. As far as the reaction of the company is concerned, they find the issue to be less complicated and simple because if an individual does something which he does not want others to know, he should not be doing the thing as well. Many surveys had shown that around half of the users of Google are concerned with the privacy issues while surfing internet (Sinclair 2016). Government issues Another ethical issue comes with tracking the information of users is that Google can provide any of that information to government anytime (Nissenbaum 2015). However this is crucial for the company in order to stay transparent. Many governments have asked for the user information to Google. It might be surprising that US government tops the list of asking users information from Google, even though the country has the largest population of Google users (Young and Kim 2015). It is very obvious that users do not feel good about governments using a private company to track the commoners. This is a clear instance of Google not implementing the same strategy for all the stakeholders. The success of Google mostly depends on the advertisers and the investors. They are the primary source of the revenues of the company. Generally Google uses the personal information of the users to modify the advertisement shown to them. This is the primary issue regarding the privacy problem. This instance can also be the reason that Google does not use the same strategy to all its stakeholders. Respecting the privacy of the users and maintain the profitability of Google Google is the most admired search engine on a regular basis since its start from 1998. Started from a small search engine, Google became one of the most profitable companies in the digital market and qualified as one of the best. However, what problem the users are facing now is the privacy policy of Google and the after use with the user information (Cortez and Hay 2014). However Google is trying to find new ways to protect the personal information of users and not exposing them to public. Google can use its influence to resolve the issue and improve the lives of stakeholders. It can find methods to secure the personal data of users so that it does not get into wrong hands and get misused. The amount of power and resource the company has it can create secured files. As Google states in the privacy policy that even if they share any information to its partners the data cannot be identified. Therefore Google ensures that it has the capability of protecting the data of users and placing it in different folders. The company can respect the privacy and make profitability but Google is dealing with this issue for quite some time. As Google tracks the user information to modify the advertisements and other services offered to the user, it has a large stake on the privacy issues. Google has been trying to work on the update of their privacy policy and to comply with what the users searches and asks to appear. Google refurbished their privacy policy in 2012, and merged all the information that was gathered from users from several services of Google. The company drafted a letter to answer the questions rising and states that the users will have the option to turn off few features which collects the personal data of the users. Also, the policy states that it will not impact the information amount it collects or deletes and remains committed to the privacy of the user. If Google sticks to this new policy it will make the users very much comfortable in using the services of Google, as most of the users wants to ensure that their information do not reach in the wrong hands. However, there are many governments that restrict the usage of Google and the company has to abide by those rules and regulation as it works as a multination. For instance, when Google entered the digital market of China, the government blocked several search engines by Google (Campbell, Goldfarb and Tucker 2015). The company could not lose a great market but those rules caused plenty of problems with the search engine. Google had to leave the market because of a lot of pressure and moved its platform to Hong Kong. Impact of increasing global regulations on the operations of Google The unified privacy policy of Google has allowed the search engine to manipulate the personal information gathered from the free services. There are several cases against Google due to the privacy issues challenging the acceptability of the policy. However, Google has to comply with the rules and regulations of certain country while entering the market. Several users have sued the company for bypassing the security settings in their iPhones and Mac computers. Google have faced this problem from the very beginning as it tracks the data to tailor the advertisements. There are ample numbers of international and domestic laws that affect the business of the company. In addition, the rules and regulations regarding the privacy of users, freedom of expression, advertising, content, data security and intellectual property rights are debated and can be considered to adopt by many countries around the globe (Avram 2014). The US laws regarding the legal responsibility of online service providers for the online activities of their users have been tested by several claims that include slander, vilification actions, invasion of privacy and other unlawful activity based on the nature and material content. Several laws and new explanations of existing regulations might have impact on the business of Google. The Digital Millennium Copyright Act doe s not eliminate but limits the activity of listing or hosting the third party content which might include contents with infringes (Campbell, Goldfarb and Tucker 2015). The Child Online Protection Act and Childrens Online Privacy Protection Act limits the sharing of materials that can be considered injurious to children, also pits additional restrictions on collecting data from children under thirteen (Cortez and Hay 2014). Similarly, there are others laws that could impact the operations of Google and the business of their advertisers like financial services, online gambling, adult content and alcohol. The applications of these rules and regulations can impact on the business in an unexpected way and restrict the capability of delivering services to the users. Reference List Avram, M.G., 2014. Advantages and challenges of adopting cloud computing from an enterprise perspective.Procedia Technology,12, pp.529-534. Campbell, J., Goldfarb, A. and Tucker, C., 2015. Privacy regulation and market structure.Journal of Economics Management Strategy,24(1), pp.47-73. Cortez, P. and Hay, D., 2014. Privacy Disclosure and Auditing: An Exploratory Study. Google 2017 Google.co.in. N.p. Web. 21 Jan. 2017. Grant, R.M., 2016.Contemporary strategy analysis: Text and cases edition. John Wiley Sons. Hrisch, J., Freeman, R.E. and Schaltegger, S., 2014. Applying stakeholder theory in sustainability management: Links, similarities, dissimilarities, and a conceptual framework.Organization Environment,27(4), pp.328-346. Mason, C. and Simmons, J., 2014. Embedding corporate social responsibility in corporate governance: A stakeholder systems approach.Journal of Business Ethics,119(1), pp.77-86. Nissenbaum, H., 2015. Respecting context to protect privacy: Why meaning matters.Science and engineering ethics, pp.1-22. Rothaermel, F.T., 2015.Strategic management. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Sinclair, J., 2016. Shift or Stasis| Advertising and Media in the Age of the Algorithm.International Journal of Communication,10, p.14. Young, D.R. and Kim, C., 2015. Can social enterprises remain sustainable and mission-focused? Applying resiliency theory.Social Enterprise Journal,11(3), pp.233-259.

Technology What Is It Essays - Telecommunications Equipment

Technology What Is It? Introduction: Technology What Is It? General term for the processes by which human beings fashion tools and Machines to increase their control and understanding of the material environment. The Term is derived from the Greek words tekhne, which refers to an art or craft, and logia, Meaning an area of study; thus, technology means, literally, the study, or science, of Crafting. As technology evolves, scientist and historians say that technology grows at A geometric rate without respect to geographical limits or political systems. These Innovations tend to transform traditional cultural systems, frequently with unexpected Social consequences. Thus technology can be conceived as both a creative and a Destructive process. Technology Has been evolving with us since the beginning of the Prehistoric age, from the simplest off tools of the cave men to the now present future. Electronic fiber optic cables and the computerized artificial intelligence. Technology is Very important in our society, with out it we would not be able to survive in our ever Changing society. Imagine is someone didn't invent transportation. We would have not Discovered the other continents. Or not having the technology to cope with our ever Growing population. We would have run out of enough supply of food to feed ourselves. How about if cave men didn't discover fire? We would have not survive even just for a Day. All these things we owe to technology, so we must harness what it has to offer And further improve our society. Inventions That Have Changed Our Lives: Telephone: In the field of communication one of the most famous and useful invention In our modern society is the telephone. Invented by Alexander Graham Bell, he has Made our life so much easier and more productive. Saying that he has made an impact To society would be an understatement. These telephones transmit electronic pulses That would then be converted to sound that is comprehendible to us humans, but These telephones are big and bulky and they need wires to transmit these pulses. Then Came the invention called A cellular telephone that designed to give the user maximum Freedom of movement while using a telephone. A cellular telephone uses radio signals To communicate between the set and an antenna. The served area is divided into cells something like a honeycomb, and an antenna is placed within each cell and connected by telephone lines to one exchange devoted to cellular telephone calls. This exchange connects cellular telephones to one another or transfers the call to a regular exchange if the call is between a cellular telephone and a noncellular telephone. The special cellular exchange, through computer control, selects the antenna closest to the telephone when service is requested. As the telephone roams, the exchange automatically determines when to change the serving cell based on the power of the radio signal received simultaneously at adjacent sites. This change occurs without interrupting conversation. Practical power considerations limit the distance between the telephone and the nearest cellular antenna, and since cellular phones use radio signals, it is very easy for unauthorized people to access communications carried out over cellular phones. Currently, digital cellular phones are gaining in popularity because the radio signals are harder to intercept and decode. Also the fast growing popular video phones that work like a normal telephone but includes the ability to transmit videos through the use of a small camera. although these video phones are not yet popular in our present society. they will soon be in every home in the world. Pagers: not all inventions that where once practical remain practical. one example are the invention of pagers. although these pagers are still currently used in our society they in my own opinion have out lived there use. these pagers where used during the early 90s for the reason that they are more reliable, less expensive and more portable than a cellphone. but now cellphones are cheaper and come in sizes that are almost as small as a pager. so these pagers have out lived there use and are now impractical to use in some countries. but in the Philippines we have still retained it for they are free compared to a cellphone. Satellite Band Radio (SBR)

buy custom Descriptive Statistics essay

buy custom Descriptive Statistics essay The numbers that are used in the summarizing and describing of data constitute what is called descriptive statistics. Data can be any information collected from a survey, experiment or a historical record. For instance if one is analyzing the birth certificates of children from a given State, then the percentage of certificates given out in that state or the average age of mothers, can constitute the descriptive statistic of the data. Any number that is used in the computation is also taken as a descriptive statistics for the data from the computed statistic. A number of descriptive statistics may be used at once for better description of the data (Lane, 2003). There are various ways in which statistical data can be interpreted. This includes measures of central tendency and measures of dispersion. This provides shorthand in the description of the distribution of data. Measures of central tendency include the mean, mode and median. Measures of dispersion are the range, variance and standard deviation (Ryan, 2004). For example in a survey carried out to examine the dominance of risk factors for cardiovascular disease, a measurement of systolic blood pressure was done twice on each patient to ascertain the reliability of the measures. A calculation of the difference between the measures was done for each of the 10,000 patients and relative distribution of the same plotted. The mean difference was found to be 0 mmHg and standard deviation was 2 mmHg. Since the distribution was symmetrical, it was estimated that 95% of the difference lay within 4 mmHg of the mean, 0. So from this, if a persons measures differ by 4 mmHg then this will be unusual and therefore has a risk of getting a cardiovascular disease. This will call for the necessary measures to be taken in terms of treatmen. Or in the estimation of birth weight that is symmetrically distributed in a population. The proportion of babies who will weigh less than 2000 grams can be calculated. If the newborns mean weight is 3500 grams and standar d deviation is 750 grams, then if there is no other information, 0.025 or 2.5% of the newborns will weigh less than 2000 grams because this is two standard deviations below the mean (Arsham, 2010). Still in the medical world data collection and interpretation should be done very carefully as it is likely to affect the livelihood of others. This is especially in the case of public health whereby governments need to take measures in advance concerning various issues basing their judgment on the interpretation of the current statistics. There are different types of probabilities that can be used, these are; marginal probability, conditional probability, joint probability and union probability. These can be used in different methods such as the classical method of probability, the relative frequency of occurrence and the subjective probability. The most misused probability is the subjective probabilities. They are based on an individuals intuition, feelings or experience. In this world almost every person has an opinion and would like to share it. They are not unethical to use but can be misleading and disastrous to decision makers. This is especially in the medical field where all the actions need to be justified. Operating on intuitions ca n be very risky and might lead to loss of lives. What a person needs to know is that the rules and laws of probability are for the long run (Arjomand, 1996) For example if a coin is tossed, even though we know that the probability of getting a head is 5, the result will not obviously be a head and one can not get a half head. But on several tosses a head will be got. Take for instance an oil prospecting company , suppose the probability that it will strike oil is 10, this means that in the long run, if enough holes are drilled, the company should strike oil in about 10% of the holes. What if the company has just enough money to drill one hole? This means that it will either get a dry hole or strike oil. If this is not put into consideration, the companys decision to drill oil might be disastrous. Classical statistics on the other hand could be used unethically to lure companies or clients into making short-run investments hoping to get something in return when in actual terms the company or client may win or lose. In the case of the oil company, it will not get back 10% by drilling one hole; it will either win or lose (Black, 2009) Conclusion In descriptive statistics there is always a tendency for people to ignore examining data thoroughly by descriptive means. They tend to rush on applying statistical tests on the given data without confirming whether the data is accurate. People involved in dealing with descriptive statistics should therefore always strive to take time to examine descriptively a set of data using different perspectives to get a clear picture of it. This way they will be able to discriminate against much sense and nonsense. The types of probability that exist are the marginal probability, the conditional probability, the joint probability and the union probability. The classical method of assigning probability relies on events prior or before they take place. The relative frequency of occurrence assigns probability basing on empirically derived data or historical data. Subjective probabilities on the other hand rely on the knowledge, feelings and personal experiences in assigning probability (Statistics , 2006). Buy custom Descriptive Statistics essay

Second Seminole War, 1835-1842

Second Seminole War, 1835-1842 Having ratified the Adams-Onà ­s Treaty in 1821, the United States officially purchased Florida from Spain. Taking control, American officials concluded the Treaty of Moultrie Creek two years later which established a large reservation in central Florida for the Seminoles. By 1827, the majority of the Seminoles had moved to the reservation and Fort King (Ocala) was constructed nearby under the guidance of Colonel Duncan L. Clinch. Though the next five years were largely peaceful, some began to call for the Seminoles to be relocated west of the Mississippi River. This was partially driven by issues revolving around the Seminoles providing sanctuary for escaped slaves, a group that became known as the Black Seminoles. In addition, the Seminoles were increasingly leaving the reservation as hunting on their lands was poor. Seeds of Conflict In an effort to eliminate the Seminole problem, Washington passed the Indian Removal Act in 1830 which called for their relocation west. Meeting at Paynes Landing, FL in 1832, officials discussed relocation with the leading Seminole chiefs. Coming to an agreement, the Treaty of Paynes Landing stated that the Seminoles would move if a council of chiefs agreed that the lands in the west were suitable. Touring the lands near the Creek Reservation, the council agreed and signed a document stating that the lands were acceptable. Returning to Florida, they quickly renounced their previous statement and claimed they had been forced to sign the document. Despite this, the treaty was ratified by the US Senate and the Seminoles were given three years complete their move. The Seminoles Attack In October 1834, the Seminole chiefs informed the agent at Fort King, Wiley Thompson, that they had no intention of moving. While Thompson began receiving reports that the Seminoles were gathering weapons, Clinch alerted Washington that force may be required to compel the Seminoles to relocate. After further discussions in 1835, some of the Seminole chiefs agreed to move, however the most powerful refused. With the situation deteriorating, Thompson cut off the sale of weapons to the Seminoles. As the year progressed, minor attacks began occurring around Florida. As these began to intensify, the territory began preparing for war. In December, in an effort to reinforce Fort King, the US Army directed Major Francis Dade to take two companies north from Fort Brooke (Tampa). As they marched, they were shadowed by the Seminoles. On December 28, the Seminoles attacked, killing all but two of Dades 110 men. That same day, a party led by the warrior Osceola ambushed and killed Thompson. Gaines Response In response, Clinch moved south and fought an inconclusive battle with the Seminoles on December 31 near their base in the Cove of the Withlacoochee River. As the war quickly escalated, Major General Winfield Scott was charged with eliminating the Seminole threat. His first action was to direct Brigadier General Edmund P. Gaines to attack with a force of around 1,100 regulars and volunteers. Arriving at Fort Brooke from New Orleans, Gaines troops began moving towards Fort King. Along the way, they buried the bodies of Dades command. Arriving at Fort King, they found it short on supplies. After conferring with Clinch, who was based at Fort Drane to the north, Gaines elected to return to Fort Brooke via the Cove of the Withlacoochee River. Moving along the river in February, he engaged the Seminoles in mid-February. Unable to advance and knowing there were no supplies at Fort King, he elected to fortify his position. Hemmed in, Gaines was rescued in early March by Clinchs men who had c ome down from Fort Drane (Map). Scott in the Field With Gaines failure, Scott elected to take command of operations in person. A hero of the War of 1812, he planned a large-scale campaign against the Cove which called for 5,000 men in three columns to strike the area in concert. Though all three columns were supposed to be in place on March 25, delays ensued and they were not ready until March 30. Traveling with a column led by Clinch, Scott entered the Cove but found that the Seminole villages had been abandoned. Short on supplies, Scott withdrew to Fort Brooke. As the spring progressed, Seminole attacks and the incidence of disease increased compelling the US Army to withdraw from key posts such as Forts King and Drane. Seeking to turn the tide, Governor Richard K. Call took the field with a force of volunteers in September. While an initial campaign up the Withlacoochee failed, a second in November saw him engage the Seminoles in the Battle of Wahoo Swamp. Unable to advance during the fighting, Call fell back to Volusia, FL. Jesup in Command On December 9, 1836, Major General Thomas Jesup relieved Call. Victorious in the Creek War of 1836, Jesup sought to grind down the Seminoles and his forces ultimately increased to around 9,000 men. Working in conjunction with the US Navy and Marine Corps, Jesup began to turn American fortunes. On January 26, 1837, American forces won a victory at Hatchee-Lustee. Shortly thereafter, the Seminole chiefs approached Jesup regarding a truce. Meeting in March, an agreement was reached which would allow the Seminoles to move west with their negroes, [and] their bona fide property. As the Seminoles came into camps, they were accosted by slave catchers and debt collectors. With relations again worsening, two Seminole leaders, Osceola and Sam Jones, arrived and led away around 700 Seminoles. Angered by this, Jesup resumed operations and began sending raiding parties into Seminole territory. In the course of these, his men captured the leaders King Philip and Uchee Billy. In an effort to conclude the issue, Jesup began resorting to trickery to capture Seminole leaders. In October, he arrested King Philips son, Coacoochee, after forcing his father to write a letter requesting a meeting. That same month, Jesup arranged for a meeting with Osceola and Coa Hadjo. Though the two Seminole leaders arrived under a flag of truce, they were quickly taken prisoner. While Osceola would die of malaria three months later, Coacoochee escaped from captivity. Later that fall, Jesup used a delegation of Cherokees to draw out additional Seminole leaders so that they could be arrested. At the same time, Jesup worked to build a large military force. Divided into three columns, he sought to force the remaining Seminoles south. One of these columns, led by Colonel Zachary Taylor encountered a strong Seminole force, led by Alligator, on Christmas Day. Attacking, Taylor won a bloody victory at the Battle of Lake Okeechobee. As Jesups forces united and continued their campaign, a combined Army-Navy force fought a bitter battle at Jupiter Inlet on January 12, 1838. Forced to fall back, their retreat was covered by Lieutenant Joseph E. Johnston. Twelve days later, Jesups army won victory nearby at the Battle of Loxahatchee. The following month, leading Seminole chiefs approached Jesup and offered to stop fighting if given a reservation in southern Florida. While Jesup favored this approach, it was declined by the War Department and he was ordered to continue fighting. As a large number of Seminoles had gathered around his camp, he informed them of Washingtons decision and quickly detained them. Tired of the conflict, Jesup asked to be relieved and was replaced by Taylor, who was promoted to brigadier general, in May. Taylor Takes Charge Operating with reduced forces, Taylor sought to protect northern Florida so that settlers could return to their homes. In an effort to secure the region, the constructed a series of small forts connected by roads. While these protected American settlers, Taylor used larger formations to seek out the remaining Seminoles. This approach was largely successful and fighting quieted during the latter part of 1838. In an effort to conclude the war, President Martin Van Buren dispatched Major General Alexander Macomb to make peace. After a slow start, negotiations finally produced a peace treaty on May 19, 1839 which allowed for a reservation in southern Florida. The peace held for a little over two months and ended when Seminoles attacked Colonel William Harneys command at a trading post along the Caloosahatchee River on July 23. In the wake of this incident, attacks and ambushes of American troops and settlers resumed. In May 1840, Taylor was granted a transfer and replaced with Brigadier General Walker K. Armistead. Increasing the Pressure Taking the offensive, Armistead campaigned in the summer despite the weather and threat of disease. Striking at Seminole crops and settlements, he sought to deprive them of supplies and sustenance. Turning over the defense of northern Florida to the militia, Armistead continued to pressure the Seminoles. Despite a Seminole raid on Indian Key in August, American forces continued the offensive and Harney conducted a successful attack into the Everglades in December. In addition to military activity, Armistead used a system of bribes and inducements to convince various Seminole leaders to take their bands west. Turning over operations to Colonel William J. Worth in May 1841, Armistead left Florida. Continuing Armisteads system of raids during that summer, Worth cleared the Cove of the Withlacoochee and much of northern Florida. Capturing Coacoochee on June 4, he used the Seminole leader to bring in those who were resisting. This proved partially successful. In November, US troops attacked into the Big Cypress Swamp and burned several villages. With fighting winding down in early 1842, Worth recommended leaving the remaining Seminoles in place if they would remain on an informal reservation in southern Florida. In August, Worth met with the Seminole leaders and offered final inducements to relocate. Believing that the last Seminoles would either move or shift to the reservation, Worth declared the war to be over on August 14, 1842. Taking leave, he turned command over to Colonel Josiah Vose. A short time later, attacks on settlers resumed and Vose was ordered to attack the bands that were still off the reservation. Concerned that such action would have a negative effect on those complying, he requested permission not to attack. This was granted, though when Worth returned in November he ordered key Seminole leaders, such as Otiarche and Tiger Tail, brought in and secured. Remaining in Florida, Worth reported in early 1843 that the situation was largely peaceful and that only 300 Seminoles, all on the reservation, remained in the territory. Aftermath During operations in Florida, the US Army suffered 1,466 killed with the majority dying of disease. Seminole losses are not known with any degree of certainty. The Second Seminole War proved to be the longest and costliest conflict with a Native American group fought by the United States. In the course of the fighting, numerous officers gained valuable experience which would serve them well in the Mexican-American War and the Civil War. Though Florida remained peaceful, authorities in the territory pressed for the full removal of the Seminoles. This pressure increased through the 1850s and ultimately led to the Third Seminole War (1855-1858).

Learning and Development of Human Resource Management Essay

Learning and Development of Human Resource Management - Essay Example As employees make day-to-day decisions, it is very important that the decisions they will make are based on the Disney’s principles. The company’s principles are a vital inclusion to the induction program for the new recruit, as he or she will also need to make decisions in the future. In order to give the new recruit an idea of his or her job’s significance to the bigger picture, the job’s place according to the organizational structure. The place of the job in fulfilment of a bigger objective, when it is shown will give significance to the individual goal a new recruit has in fulfilment of his or her own job. The company’s policies as regards health, safety and environment should be included in the induction programme. This could include the company’s policy as regards requirements for medical examinations and provisions when employees acquire illnesses. Apart from the health, rules and policies about the company’s work environment should be included. These rules, especially about safety in using certain equipments should be clearly given to new recruits. Also, serious actions that the management will take when employees violate safety rules which could jeopardize the safety of other employees should be included. When there are accidents, emergency procedures should be part of the induction programme in order to provide the new recruit knowledge that will aid him or her in times of emergency or accidents within the work environment. Disney should include in its induction programme the clear set of duties and requirements of the job that the new recruit should fulfil. By making clear the demands of the job, the new recruit will know up to what extend he or she will be expected to perform, and what to perform. Apart from the duties, the number of work hours required for a certain job should also be

Business Driven Technology Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Business Driven Technology - Research Paper Example In the modern era, two popular business driven technologies are social networks and e-commerce. These technologies are considerably transforming the retail industry (Mercier et al., 2012). Based on this aspect, the paper describes the way in which these technologies have transformed the retail industry and also provides example of two companies that have applied them in the businesses. How Social Networks is Transforming Retail Industry The proliferation of social media is transforming the way people connect with each other and how they make purchasing decisions. As the channels for sales have increased and boundaries between them are disappearing, consumers are in higher requirement of combining brand experience. Due to social networking, consumers are more empowered and influential than before. Through social networking, they can easily compare prices, review products’ quality and evaluate the opinions of other customers which facilitate to shape the products and services of retail companies. The retail industry is already exploiting the social media for the purpose of marketing and commerce. The social media trends are forcing the industry in the direction of individual oriented marketing approach from retailers comprising components such as social commerce, real time marketing and supply chain collaborations. Essentially, this approach is subjected to transaction history of customers in combination with pertinent social networking behaviors. Social networking is starting to play an essential role in the associated retail experience. The retail shopping experience is facilitating to target individual customers (Symphony Teleca Corp., 2013). Social Media Strategies of Walmart Walmart is an international retail company which provides general merchandise products and groceries. The following figure demonstrates the SWOT analysis of one of the largest retail chains, Walmart. Walmart has learnt regarding the management of social networking in its business. The company faced several challenges due to controversial commercial activities and hence, it has utilized the social media for promoting the brand. For example, in the year 2008, the company introduced ‘checkoutblog.com’ which features the employees of the company. They provided their valuable opinions regarding the product varieties of Walmart and also gave supportive recommendations. It helped to develop a positive image of the company for large audience. Apart from this, Walmart also sponsored a blog named ‘Eleven Moms’. This blog has rapidly become a large community where women consumers’ converse subjects about motherhood, health products and budgeting (Barker, 2013). Walmart has attempted to leverage the technological tendencies of social networking by investing in mobile marketing services. For instance, in 2011, Walmart had acquired a social networking technology company namely Kosmix. This acquisition is essentially intended to utilize the monitoring application and to enlarge the online business. The Walmart program for iPhone delivers guidance to the customers while shopping electronic products, reviewing products and placing orders. These social media services are quite convenient and enjoyable for the present generation of customers (Barker, 2013). How Electronic Commerce is Transforming Retail Industry The other important business driven technology

Capital Punishment Essay -- Capital Punishment, Death Penalty

a) Through the Utilitarian perspective, Bedau is a firm believer in the removal of capital punishment; Bedau thinks that no reason is good enough justify the more severe punishment like death penalty on the moral ground, and no evidence of deterrence and prevention is sufficient enough to support the retribution of justice to keep capital punishment. Bedau have raised several arguments direct to the issue of death penalty: The morality of self-defense and death penalty; the efficiency prevention and the deterrence through capital punishment; then finally the inequity treatment towards the racially disadvantaged and poor. Bedau does not believe in justifying capital punishment as self-defense on the moral ground just to avoid further killing of innocent victims. (Bedau CC Pg 406) Self-defense is only justifiable when an aggression is in present with violence, and lives are at risk without any alternate solution to neutralize it. However, in the case of hostile situation there is always more option other than kill or get killed; there is always the third option of running away before engaging in violent acts. (Bedau CC Pg 406) Only when lives are being threatened with the probability death, should the extreme measure of lethal force be applied to the immediate scene. (Bedau CC Pg 406) In the case of execution, there is no immediate harm posting towards any life at the time, along with alternative solution being available, the argument of capital punishment being justify as self-defense is simply not plausible. (Bedau CC Pg407) Capital punishment supposedly is serving as social utility to prevent the convicted to commit crime again and lowering the chance of others to commit the same crime, but Bedau argues otherwise. (Bedau CC... ...would choose to commit crime to make that dangerous money to seek for that thrill as stick up man, and getting away with it. (Katz CC Pg 316) Katz used the example of John Allen to make his point. All John Allen ever wanted was the thrill of being a stick up man; he never enjoyed pimping though the money was good. The record of his behavior shows that he would never stop robbing others for the thrill of living that identity to stick up. John Allen gave up the less dangerous career of pimping, chose the more dangerous route of drug dealing and robbing. (Katz CC Pg 317) By then we can see that crime is a choice, socio-economic factors doesn’t always come into play but more about what character the individual wants to be. After all, the crimes committed cannot be blame on the capitalism and poverty, but the individual themselves; whom the justice should punish.

Sociological perspectives

I have been observing the political events of many countries as they unfold. Among the most fascinating of all was that in Kenya, a country in Africa which drew attention of the whole world after being highlighted as a result of the post election violence. I watched the campaign rallies as they were captured by the TV stations that were mainly dominated by three political parties; the Orange Democratic Movement (ODM), the Party of National Unity (PNU) and Orange Democratic Movement of Kenya (ODM – K). I then focused on the whole country as a social system and finally narrowed down my observation to the close competitors who eyed for the presidential seat( http://video. google. com/videoplay? docid=-8434875422533573659 ) This paper examines all my observations as pertaining to the above highlighted situation through ‘a sociologist eyes'. As I watched the campaign rallies, I noticed that among the major political parties, there were common agenda. This were poverty reduction, job creation, fight against tribalism and inequality. In my quest to know more about the reason behind having common agendas, I realized that this country was stratified into different groups based on tribes, religious background and economic status. Economically, there were two major groups, the poor and the rich. The poor blamed the rich for accumulating large amounts of wealth through corrupt deals. They pointed out some major scandals that led to poor economic growth which resulted to increased poverty in the country. Examples of such corruption scandal include the â€Å"golden berg† and the â€Å"Anglo leasing†. The poor claimed that they were exploited by the rich, a situation that they said led to marginalization of some people and widened the gap between rich and the poor. The rich were supporting the political regime that existed at that time and they supported President Mwai Kibaki whom they said was the best president that people should support if they intend to achieve a high economic growth rate. Of course these were the owners of means of production and they intended to maximize on increasing their wealth. The poor were supporting Mr. Odinga who unveiled his plan to reduce poverty and inequality – something that the wealthy class in the country termed as a threat to investment( http://video. google. com/videoplay? docid=-4385739074127652954 ) These two groups divided the country's population into two antagonistic groups and initiated conflict between themselves. The campaign took a different dimension when two tribes in this country came came out to out do each other and muscle out their way to compeat for the prestigious political position, the presidency. These tribes included Kikuyu and the Luo(http://video. google. com/videoplay? docid=6778777698786778125) As a result a debate for introduction of â€Å"Majimbo system† what can be referred to a Federal government came up. The two groups were once in another conflict since those behind PNU did not support a Majimbo government while those behind ODM and ODM -Kenya did( http://video. google. com/videoplay? docid=-5553237563976614777&q=kenya+politics+on+tv-+kibaki+and+raila&total=22&start=10&num=10&so=2&type=search&plindex=5&hl=en . As the election neared, another conflict came up. This time round, it was the Muslim community versus the Christian community where the Muslims wanted to get freedom to exercise their Sharia Laws. They claimed that they were never given freedom like the Christians who are the majority in the country. The Muslims therefore chose to support the ODM leader, Raila who had promised to address their grievances. The Christians rejected Mr. Raila ‘s proposal and threatened to demand their Christian laws to be enacted into state laws if the Muslims were given that â€Å"Special treatment† ( http://video. google. om/videoplay? docid=-1185250696841707886 This reminded me of the social conflict theory which holds that no society can exist without conflict (http://www. allfreeessays. com/student/Consensus_Conflict_Perspectives_in_social_theory. html ) As I watched the political campaigns, it was clear that these political leaders wanted to create a positive image of themselves in order to win many votes. In the â€Å"Front stageâ⠂¬  as Erving Goffman calls it in his theory of impression management or dramatical approach to social interaction, they gave all sorts of good promises. They promised to create jobs, reduce poverty, fight tribalism and inequality. In the â€Å"backstage† they would go to their tribes and call for their support, promise their tribes how they would benefit more than the other Kenyans and how they will appoint people from their tribes in government offices, something which was contrary to what they were promising the citizens in general. Challenging each other in political arenas and their respective credentials further worsened the relationship between the â€Å"actors† When chaos erupted in the country and things seemed to run out of control, the former UN Secretary General, MR. Koffi Annan together with Graca Machele and Benjamin Mkapa led Mediation talks. The two political leaders, Mr. Odinga and President Kibaki appeared in Televisions as a way to inform the Kenyans that they were not enemies and were working together to put things in place. This was just a â€Å"front stage† since later on they both accused each other for what was happening in the country and clearly brought out a good picture of the ‘back stage'. These kind of actions by Mr. Odinga and President Kibaki is what Goffman said was analogously equated to theoretical drama. In this case, Mr. Odinga and President Kibaki together with their close supporters were the actors while Kenyans became the audience. This is the theory of symbolic interaction ism(Herman N, Reynolds L, pp. 76) Kenya is a society that is made up of individuals and groups of people who interact with each other and espouse a sense of ‘we feeling'. They share many things in common including laws, the presidency among others and they all work together to improve their welfare and the country as a whole. Within the system there are sub systems which include political system, religious system, education and economic system among others. All these have a function to perform in order to ensure the social system functions properly. It is important to note that all societies consist of social structures which play different roles but must depend on one another. In the case for Kenya, the disputed election results led to chaos. This paralyzed all sectors of the economy. Many families were forced to break especially where the Luo intermarried with the Kikuyu. This was a state of anarchy and anomie that led to high levels of insecurity and deaths of thousands of innocent Kenyans. All learning institutions were closed down churches were burnt down and in general there was social disorganization in the country. All structures that bond Kenya as a society were weakened and if it were not for the mediation talks led by the international society Kenya would have been torn apart. I observed it and the theory of structural functionalism crossed my mind. According to the structural functionalism school of thought, any society comprises of social structures. These social structures play specialized and important functions that bind the members of the society together. (Robinson W, pp 314)

Bipolar Disorder Essay - 923 Words

Bipolar Disorder Bipolar disorder is often considered a hereditary disease. According to the National Mental Health Association (2001) a specific genetic link to bipolar disorder has not been found. Studies show that 80 to 90 percent of those who suffer from bipolar disorder have relatives with some form of depression (NIMH, 2001). Bipolar disorder is a mental illness involving one or more episodes of serious mania and depression which causes individuals to feel an euphoric type high or feeling really low. Over 2.5 million people in America have bipolar disorder. This disorder usually occurs during adolescence or early adulthood and continues throughout life. Although, young children can be diagnosed†¦show more content†¦In order to diagnose an individual with a certain bipolar disorder, an individual would have to have signs and symptoms that are listed in the criteria of mania, depressive, mixed, or hypomaniac episodes. According to the DSM-IV criteria, â€Å"Mania episodes â€Å" are distinctive periods of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable mood, lasting at least one week (or any duration if hospitalization is necessary) ( Keck McElroy, 2002 ). During the period of mood disturbance, three or more of the following symptoms have persisted ( fur if the mood is only irritable) and have been present to a significant degree: inflated self-esteem, racing thoughts, more talkative, easily distracted, increase in goal-directed activity, and excessive involvement in activities that have high potential for painful consequences.† Manic episode can lead to troubled relationships, poor school/job performance, harm of self and others and problems with an individuals social life. The second type of episode is called Major Depressive Episode, which symptoms must have been present five or more times during a two week period and show a change of usability to function as previously. Symptoms consist of being depressed nearly everyday, decrease in interest or activities, dramatic weight loss, insomnia or hypersomnia,Show MoreRelatedBipolar Disorder ( Bipolar )847 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Bipolar Disorder† Bipolar Disorder is a mental illness, which involves hypomanic episodes, which are changes in someone’s usual mood. Originally, Bipolar Disorder was called manic depression because it does share similar symptoms with people diagnosed with depression. Bipolar Disorder is a severe condition because it can cause mania, which then causes hallucinations and paranoid rage. (Bipolar Disorder) Bipolar Disorder is classified into two categories, bipolar type 1 and bipolar type 2. BipolarRead MoreBipolar Disorder ( Bipolar )829 Words   |  4 PagesBipolar disorder is an often devastating mental illnesses, with high emotional, social and economic impact on the lives of patients and family members [Jin and McCrone, 2015; Miller et al., 2014]. In recent decades, there has been significant progress in developing diagnostic methods for reliably diagnosing severe bipolar disorder (bipolar disorder type I) and some related bipolar â€Å"spectrum† disorders (bipolar type II disorder), and there has also been recent progress in identifying some of the geneticRead MoreBipolar Disorder ( Bipolar )956 Words   |  4 PagesBipolar Disorder Definition Bipolar Disorder is an increasingly common mood disorder that effects millions of people worldwide. In order to understand the plight of any psychiatric patient suffering from this ailment or to be prepared to treat this disease, it is pertinent to first fully understand what this mental disorder truly is. The first misconception surrounding bipolar disorder is that it is just one disease, contrarily it can be divided into two different sub categories. The National InstituteRead MoreBipolar Disorder ( Bipolar )1010 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction/Overview of Condition Bipolar Disorder (BD) is a severe mental illness (SMI) characterized by dramatic mood â€Å"swings† between manic and depressed states. In their manic states, individuals experience an abnormally elevated mood characterized by extreme, grandiose gestures and ideas, inflated self-esteem, lack of sleep, constant talking, distractibility, poor judgement, and even aggression (Griggs). Individuals can be characterized as having either a hypomanic episode or a manic episodeRead MoreBipolar And Bipolar Disorder ( Bipolar )1397 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Bipolar robs you of that which is you. It can take from you the very core of your being and replace it with something that is completely opposite of who and what you truly are† (A. Reyan 2015). Bipolar disorder is a mood disorder that alters a person’s life, they can never go back to who they were before. â€Å"It is estimated that more than 10 million Americans suffer from bipolar disorder† (everydayhealth.com 2015). Bipolar disorder is broken down into two types; bipolar I and bipolar II disorderRead MoreBipolar Disorder ( Bipolar )1536 Words   |  7 PagesBipolar disorder has been gaining more and more attention over the last few years. With shootings on the rise, or at least the publicity of them, people are often pointing their fingers at mental diseases including bipolar disorder. An ongoing issue regarding mental illnesses, however, is the population has failed to fully understand what they truly are, the symptoms, and how to treat them. Bipolar disorder, which is commonly referred to as manic-depressive illness, is a disorder within the brainRead MoreBipolar Disorder ( Bipolar )1447 Words   |  6 Pages Bipolar disorder is a serious mental illness in which common emotions become intensely and often unpredictably magnified. Individuals with bipolar disorder can quickly swing from extremes of happiness, energy and clarity to sadness, fatigue and confusion. Bipolar disorder more commonly develops in older teenagers and young adults; it can appear in children as 6. The exact cause of bipolar disorder is unknown; there are two types of this disease: Types of the bipolar disorder: People with bipolarRead MoreBipolar Disorder ( Bipolar )1155 Words   |  5 PagesBipolar Disorder Research Paper What is Bipolar Disorder? Bipolar Disorder is an increasingly common mood disorder that affects millions of people worldwide. In order to understand the plight of any psychiatric patient suffering from this ailment or to be prepared to treat this disease, it is pertinent to first understand what this mental disorder truly is. The first misconception surrounding bipolar disorder is that it is just one disease, contrarily it can be divided into two different sub categoriesRead MoreBipolar Disorder ( Bipolar )1541 Words   |  7 PagesManic depression, also known as Bipolar Disorder is not your normal up and down mood change; it’s not like what most people experience, getting a little sad and getting over it. Instead it is extreme mood swing that â€Å"usually going from EXTREMLY happy to EXTREMLY angry† also include emotional highs and lows such as, depression and mania. Mood changes can happen as little as a few times a year or as often as several times a week; it depends on the person and thei r environment. At times, you feel veryRead MoreBipolar Disorder ( Bipolar ) Essay1544 Words   |  7 PagesBipolar Disorder or manic-depressive disorder is a disorder characterized by highs, manias, and lows, depressions, and can therefore be easily distinguished from unipolar depression, a major depressive disorder in DSM-5, by the presence of manic or hypomanic episodes (Miklowitz Gitlin, 2014). Bipolar disorder is generally an episodic, lifelong illness with a variable course (American Psychiatric Association, 2010). There are two classifications of bipolar disorder; bipolar I disorder and bipolar

Occupational Therapy Reflection Example - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 14 Words: 4248 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Psychology Essay Type Essay any type Did you like this example? It is only when practitioners understand themselves and the conditions of their practice that they can begin to realistically see how they might respond differently. (Johns 2009 P16) The concept of reflection in learning is not new. It can be traced back as far as Aristotles discussions of practical judgement and moral action in his Ethics (Grundy 1982 cited in Boud. D et al P11). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Occupational Therapy Reflection Example" essay for you Create order In 1933, Dewy stated that there were two kinds of experiential process leading to learning. The first process was trail and error which was limited by the specificity of the problem which was solved and the scope of the trial and error explorations and the second was that reflective activity involved the perception of relationships and connections between the parts of the experience.'(Boud. D et al 2005 P12). He explained reflection as a learning loop, continually feeding back and forth between the experience and the relationship being inferred. (Boud. D et al 2005). In 1980, reflective practice was introduced and seen as three core components: Things that happen to a person, the reflective process that learning has occurred and the action that was taken from this new perspective (Jasper 2003 p2) In more recent times, Kolb (1984) developed an experimental learning cycle which has been suggested to be the most effective way of learning from our experiences by linking theory t o practice (Jasper 2003): When looking at the reflective process, Schon (1983) identified two types of reflection: reflection on action and reflection in action. Reflection in action is reflecting while doing, which occurs subconsciously, intuitively and unconsciously (jasper 2003 p6). Reflecting on action involves thinking about action after it has occurred. (Jasper 2003 p6) Many people have defined reflection and In 2009, Johns defined reflection as Learning through our everyday experiences towards realising ones vision of desirable practice as a lived reality. It is a critical and reflexive process of self-inquiry and transformation of being and becoming the practitioner you desire to be. Furthermore, Boud. D et al (2005 p18) suggested that reflection is a form of response of the learner to experience. Where experience involves the response of a person to a situation or event e.g. feelings, thoughts, actions and concludes at the time or immediately thereafter. The sit uation or event could be a course or an unplanned occurrence in daily life. It could be provoked by something external or an internal experience, evolving from discomfort. (Boud. D et al 2005). There are many positive uses to reflecting on practice. Johns (2009 p15) suggests that the positive uses of reflection encourages the expression, acceptance and understanding of feelings. Negative feelings can be worked through and their energys converted into positive energy for taking future action based on understanding of the situation and appropriate ways of responding. Furthermore he proposes that reflection is empowering, enabling the practitioner to act on insights towards realising desirable practice. If practitioners truly wish to realise their caring ideals then they have no choice but to become political in working towards establishing the conditions of practice where that is possible. (Johns 2009 p17) Reflection can identify learning needs, and new learning opportunities. I t can find ways in which we learn best, differently and new courses of action toward an event. Reflection can help problem solve aiding personal and professional development and provides an escape from routine practice. Reflection allows us to be aware of the consequences of our actions, demonstrate our competences to others and achievements to ourselves. Reflection allows us to build theory from observations, help make decisions or resolve uncertainty and empower or liberate ourselves as individuals (Jasper 2009). However, reflective practice has been criticised for its lack of definition, modes of implementation and its unproven benefit (Mackintosh 1998 cited in Johns 2009 p22). Platzer et al (2000, cited in Johns 2009 p22) noted that students may be resistant to reflection revealing self, a point highlighted by Cotton (2001 cited in Johns 2009 p22) that reflection becomes a type of surveillance, assessment and control. Reflection can be used in order to aid Occupational The rapy (O.T) principles and values, continuous professional development, ethical , legal and professional views/codes of conducts/standards of pracrtice. Maintaining professionalism has been suggested as a core process competent, essential to O.T practice (Bosseers. A et al 1999 p116), as have lifelong learning, professional development and service quality and governance (Professional Standards for O.T practice 2007). Therefore reflection can be an important part in maintaining knowledgeable skills as part of professional practice. The O.T Codes of Ethics states that O.Ts shall be responsible for maintaining evidence of their continuing professional development (College of Occupational Therapists Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct 2005, 5.3) therefore, this can be done through reflection. New learning and containing professional development depend on how skilfully you can reflect on your and others practice, to gain new insights, see new relationships, make new discoveries and make explicit the new learning that occurs. (Aslop 2000 p114). Any new knowledge gained from experience will be stored for future reference as and when similar situation arises. (Aslop 2000 p115) In the following reflective account, I am going to use Johns model of reflective structure (appendix one) mixed with Gibbs reflective cycle (appendix two) and will be reflecting on action. I feel both are extremely valuable models and help to express different ideas/feelings in different ways at different points of my reflective account. Other models I could have used are Goodmans levels of reflection (1984), Bortons development framework (1970) and Fish et al strands of reflection. I choose Gibbs reflective cycle as it has characteristics of all other strategies/ frameworks for reflection that have been developed. It has been developed from Kolbs ideas and the ERA cycle. However Gibbs cycle stops at the stage of action so not providing a way to close the cycle or move to reflective practice in terms of taking action (Jasper 2003). This is because Gibbs framework had its foundations from an education context as opposed to a practice one. Therefore I decided to mix Gibbs cycle with Johns model of structured reflection, to combine theoretical reflection and practice environment. Johns is helpful in having cue questions. It provides personal awareness of ourselves, our knowledge and actions .It asks what you could do rather than what you will do. (Jasper 2003 p98). The following narrative describes a critical incident that had a significant effect on me which made me stop and think and raised questions. This incident was the role of Occupational Therapists (O.Ts) within social care and the impact of this upon a service users journey. The role of O.T and Social worker have been combined within social care producing the title Self Directed Support Practitioners (SDS practitioners) Mr.B was a 60 year old man, who lived in a bungalow on his own, with no adaptations or carers. He was admitted to hospital due to a fall whilst using the toilet. He had been released from hospital about 2 months ago and still having problems with self-care, cooking and general mobility. An S.D.S practitioner and myself carried out a home visit on Mr.B. We received a referral from the hospital regarding Mr.Bs health and ability to perform activities of daily living (ADLs). We carried out an assessment on Mr.B and upon assessment; Mr.B used the sink to aid standing from toilet which seemed to be coming off of the wall. His mobility was generally good but had difficulties raising and lowing himself in and out of the bath and rising legs over the lip of the bath. He had slight problems in the kitchen due to mild arthritis when opening of cans and jars, lifting heavy equipment and gripping cutlery. When we assessed Mr.B, I was unsure and slightly confused how to assess in an S.D.S wa y. I was thinking about my O.T values and beliefs and how I could involve these within the assessment. This would involve me assessing in a way that promotes independence, empowering him and motivating him as well as using occupation as a theraputic tool. I was unsure about how to implement social work values as they seemed to clash with my own, for example care packages. Overall I was trying to achieve independence for Mr.B with the least amount of equipment. When we actually started the assessment I was thinking how I could make Mr.B as independent as possible, using equipment to aid this if necessary and therefore empowering him. On the other hand, I had to consider social work values and beliefs. This made me feel extremely confused and concerned that I was not providing the best service for Mr.B when carrying out the assessment and going against my ethics of do good, do no harm, autonomy and justice. When assessing Mr.B he managed to lift his legs over the side of the bath, when using a bath board and hand rail to grip and hd good sitting balance. His transfers off of the toilet needed support so we offered a toilet frame to aid this. The S.D.S practitioner suggested meals on wheels to overcome the problems Mr.B had in the kitchen. When suggested, the equipment and care packages to Mr.B he mentioned that he wanted a wet room and why could he not have one as his friends had one fitted not that long ago This made me think about funding and O.Ts values and beliefs, which in turn made me feel unhappy as Mr.B could not have something he wanted, although this would go against my O.T values. The outcome of the event was not very good. Mr.B refused equipment and care packages and became angry. That made me feel sad as I wanted to help Mr.B with his activities of daily living, to live an independent life. Looking back at the event, I feel maybe I could have convinced Mr.B more to accept the equipment and care packages suggested. Although the care packages co nflicted with my O.T values, I can see a place for these with extremely impaired individuals. I would have suggested adapting equipment within the kitchen, such as grips for cultury, automatic tin openers, a kettle tipper and a perching stool. The emotions I have gone through was anxious, excitement, inquisitive during the start of the event followed by sadness toward the end. To evaluate, the good thing about the experience was the enormous opportunities for continuous professional development as the role of O.T continues to grow. I also feel my understanding of O.T and clinical reasoning skills have developed. I feel that the role of an S.D.S practitioner causes confusion, loss of role identity and crossing over of professional boundaries. Although I feel not a lot went well, I believe my contribution and O.T knowledge aided the situation. I put this across very well, sticking to O.T values and beliefs. The S.D.S. practitioner that I was with managed to balance out the professions very well but I feel provided a care package where adapted equipment would have been enough. This may have happened due to little knowledge of O.T and herself coming form a social work background. I know realise that there was not much I could have done to alter the situation anyway and perhaps a more in-depth knowledge of social work may have helped. I am now more prepared for the role of an S.D.S. practitioner. If carried out again I would definitely gain more insight into the values and beliefs of social workers and be more vocal about my O.T ones. I would have tried to encourage the Mr.B to take the equipment and explained more as to why this was important. To conclude, I have learnt that theory; professional and personal values and beliefs, ethics and legal issues often influence practice. I have learnt the importance of reflecting in order to develop myself professionally and personally. My needs in order to develop my professional practice at this stage of my career are huge. I mainly need to develop my knowledge, communication skills, professional skills and clinically reasoning skills. I have also learnt the role in which I play within a team and according to Belbins team roles, I am a monitor-evaluator mixed with team worker. This means I see all the options and judge accurately, working co-operatively in sensitively and diplomatically. (www.teambuilding.co.uk/belbin-team-role.html) Looking back over the situation, I had to look in-depth at the codes of ethics. It states that O.Ts can only provided services in which they have been taught to do so (5.1). The code of ethics also state in section 5.3 that O.Ts shall recognise the need for multi-professional collaboration but not undertake work that is deemed to be outside the scope of O.T. (College of Occupational Therapists Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct 2005). When offering equipment and services the most significant rights to health and social care are for example th e National Health Service Act (1977), Mental Health Act (1983), NHS and Community Care Act (1990) (Dimond 2004 p51) I also had to think about professional negligence as litigation is increasing due to expectations of clients in relation to health care growth and the publicity about awards of compensation raises hopes of vast settlements.(Dimond 2004 p97) The white paper on the NHS made changes in the scope of professional practice so that the traditional boundaries between different professions were removed. This presents challenges (diamond P112) no team liability (every professional is accountable for their own actions and cannot blame the team for negligence which has lead to harm), no defence of inexperience (the patient is entitled to the reasonable standard of care whoever provides the treatment), determination of competence (carried out by competent colleagues or external assessors), refusal to undertake activities outside scope of competence (no O.T should undertake ac tivities which are outside the scope of her professional practice) Occupational therapy as a new profession is facing new challenges from the introduction of the HPC and the council for regulation of healthcare profession. Greater integration of health and social care provision is taken place and the college of occupational therapists is preparing for these changes by seeking to refocus the organisations of the work of the o.t by its strategic document from interface to integration. (Dimond 2004 P397). The role of a S.D.S practitioner is extremely difficult. O.Ts felt they were taking on responsibilities of social workers and not the other way around. There were huge issues with professional boundaries and both professions disagreed with the SDS roles and were angry about the change causing conflicts between professionals and within professions. Boud et al (2005b p11) suggested that In the case of reflecting on learning, firstly only learners themselves can learn and only they can reflect on their own experiences. They suggest that teachers assist, but only have admittance to individuals thoughts and feelings by what individuals decide to reveal about themselves. Therefore the learner is in total control. Secondly, reflection is a purposeful activity directed toward a goal and lastly the reflective process where both feelings and thoughts are interconnected and interactive. Negative feelings, can form major barriers toward learning. Positive feelings and emotions can improve the learning process, keeping the learner on the task and providing a stimulus for new learning. (Boud et al 2005b p11) Appendix One The model of structured reflection (msr 1991) p51 Enable practitioners to access the depth and breath of reflection necessary for learning through experience.: ÂÂ § Bring the mind home a preparatory cue to put the person in the best position to reflect. Helps to shift the balance of seeing reflection as a cognitive activity to a more meditative activity. P52 ÂÂ § Focus on a description of an experience that seems significant in some way ÂÂ § What issues are significant to pay attention to issues that perhaps are moved by a feeling or thought p54 ÂÂ § How do I interpret the way people were feeling and why they felt that way illness and admission to hospital create significant anxiety for people p55. understanding how others are feeling strengthens my empathic inquiry, my ability to know and connect with the experience of the other person. ÂÂ § How was I feeling and what made me feel that way did it contradict my values and beliefs. Refl ection is most often triggered by negative or uncomfortable feelings (boyd Fales 1983) it seems natural to focus on negative experiences because theses situations present themselves to consciousness p56. some question which could help are why I feel this way, do I often feel this way in similar situations, could I have not been this way. Another approach is to simply write a story around the feeling p57. Reflection is about coming to know who I am so I can better use my self for therapeutic work p58. Through reflection we become aware of our fear and see the way it constrains our practice. As we reflect we begin to work through the fear. However the deeper we go the more defended we are likely to become. One reason why reflection needs to be expertly guided is to explore these depths within a secure relationship.P58 ÂÂ § What was I trying to achieve and did I respond effectively (aesthetic)- reflect on my responses and actions within the experience and whether my responses were effective in meeting my intended outcomes. E.g. how I appreciated the situation, how I made clinical decisions, my skilful response, my reflection on consequences.p59. Model of reflective inquiry helps to review the way I appreciated the situation, made clinical judgements, responded skilfully and considered if I was effective in meeting the patients health needs. I then think about the influence of the ethical, empirical and person ways of knowing on my performance what is significant about this experience.p60. I can then contemplate how I might respond more effectively given the situation again, did we act for the best, do we know what the best is, what needs to change so we can act for the best p61 Model of reflective inquiry (Johns 2006 p61) ÂÂ § What were the consequences of my actions on the patient, others and myself involves contemplating the consequences of actions for others and yourself. It is deceptively deep.p61 ÂÂ § What factors influence the w ay I was/am feeling, thinking and responding to this direction (personal) gateway to knowing self what makes me tick, what factors pull my strings? To change ourselves we have to access, appreciate and then shift our mental models. This can feel scary as it leads the person deep within themselves, unearthing and revealing influences that stem from social and cultural practices or past experiences that have left a trace. p62 Influences grid (adapted from Johns 2004a:24) p 62 To change who I am requires awareness and understanding of these influences so I can begin to let go of them and learn new patterns of being more congruent with desirable practice. This cue explores boundaries with therapy and highlights the vital need for self-development in human-human encounter work that espouses the intention to work with people from spiritual, psychological and emotional frames of reference. ÂÂ § What knowledge did or might have informed me (empirical) guides the practitione r to identify and access relevant theory or research, critique it for its value to inform the particular experience, and assimilate it within personal knowing to inform future practice, enabling the practitioner to develop praxis (informed moral practice). Allows practitioners to respond meaningfully to the evidence-based practice agenda.p63 ÂÂ § To what extent did I act for the best and in tune with my values (ethical) all action is ethical. Every story is a moral story concerning the practitioners intention to act for the good. This cue has two inter-related issues: firstly, an ethical reflection on the best, and secondly, a review of my values and beliefs that constitute desirable practice. Often ethical principles contradict each other. As such, acting for the best always needs to be interpreted within each moment (copper 1991, parker1990) p64 This may create difficulties within the team if practitioners have different values and personal agendas or demand compliance with authority. Ethical mapping (johns 1998b) p 65 ÂÂ § How does this situation connect with previous experiences (personal) * Looking forward cues ÂÂ § How might I reframe the situation and respond more effectively given this situation again (reflexivity) -it is the fuelling of inquiry and opening to other possibilities in the quest for effectiveness and professional responsibility p72 ÂÂ § What would be the consequences of alternative actions for the patient, others and myself helps weigh up judgements (developing practical wisdom) rather than leaping to quick assumptions p73 ÂÂ § What factors may constrain me responding in new ways weighing up possibilities and considering the consequences of each also the influence grid p73 ÂÂ § How do I now feel about this experience draws attention to my feelings e.g. frustrated, angry or positive ones p73 ÂÂ § Am I more able to support myself and others better as a consequence am I supported well enough within my clinical practice p73 ÂÂ § What insights have I gained as I become more experienced at reflection, I internalise the cues and find myself not using them so formally, more as a check list, especially the influences grid and ethical mapping. P75 ÂÂ § Am I more able to realise desirable practice (framing perspectives) insights are inchoate, tentative. They impact on future practice and in doing so are transformed in response. There are at least six sources of responsibility: being responsible to: p77 1. the patient and family, to help them meet their health needs and support them through the medical response 2. self, to act with integrity according to beliefs and values and to ensure self-effectiveness 3. society, to fulfil and enhance societal expectations 4. the profession, to justify actions within the guidelines of the code of conducts 5. peers, to work in collaboration and mutually supportive ways to ensure patients and families receive congruent, consistent and effective care Appendix Two Gibbs reflective cycle was developed from Kolbs experimental learning cycle: Appendix Three Another model I have chosen to follow for my reflections is that of Boud (1994). Boud states that we undergo three stages of reflection before we commit to actions or outcomes. These stages are: o Stage One Returning to the experience. Replaying the experience in the mind to observe the event as it happened and to notice what occurred. o Stage Two Attending to feelings. Whilst emotions and feelings can be a significant source of learning they can also become a barrier (Boud, 1996). For this reason we need to either work with our emotional responses, find ways to set them aside or retain and enhance them should they be positive. If our feelings form barriers it is important that we recognise this and remove them as only then can learning proceed (Boud, 1996). o Stage Three Re-evaluating experience. This evaluation stage may consist of four aspects which can enhance reflection and its outcome. These are association, integration, validation and appropriation. The se stages help us relate the new experience to what we already know, seek relationships amongst the information and authenticate the resulting ideas and feelings (Boud, 1996). References Bossers.A, Kernaghan. J, Hodgins. L, Merla. L, OConnor, C Van Kessel. M (1999) Defining and developing professionalism, Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy, 66 (3) p116-121 College of Occupational Therapy (2005) College of Occupational Therapists Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct. London, College of Occupational Therapists Diamond. B (2004) Legal Aspects of Occupational Therapy (2nd Ed), Great Britian, Blackwell Publishing Jasper, M (2003) Beginning Reflective Practice Foundations in Nursing and Health Care. Cheltenham, Nelson Thornes Ltd Johns. C (2009) Becoming a Reflective Practitioner (3rd Ed), United Kingdom, Wiley-Blackwell Boud. D, Keogh. R Walker. D (2005) Promoting Reflection in Learning: a Model Cited in Boud. D, Keogh. R Walker. D Reflection: Turning Experience into Learning, London New York, RoutledgeFalmer Boud. D, Keogh. R Walker. D (2005b) What is reflection in Learning? Cited in Boud. D, Keogh. R Walker. D Reflection: Turning Exper ience into Learning, London New York, RoutledgeFalmer The nine Belbin Team Roles (2009) retrieved 25.1.10 https://www.teambuilding.co.uk/belbin-team-role.html Alsop. A (2004) Continuing Professional Development A Guide for Therapists, Oxford, Blackwell Publishing Butler Creek (2008) Ethics. In Creek J, Occupational Therapy Mental Health (4th Ed) Edinburgh, Churchill Livingstone Cole, M (2005) Group Dynamics in Occupational Therapy The Theoretical Basis Practice Application of Group Intervention (3rd Ed) Thorofare Creek, J (2003) Occupational Therapy defined as a complex intervention London, College of Occupational Therapist. Finlay, L (2004) The Practice of Psychological Occupational Therapy (3rd Ed) Cheltenham, Stanley Thornes Ltd. Foster, M (2002) Skills for practice. In Turner. A, Foster. M Johnson.S.E Occupational Therapy Physical Dysfunction (5th Ed) Edinburgh, Churchill Livingstone Horowitz. B (2003) Ethical decision-making challenges in clinica l practice. Occupational Therapy in Heath Care 16 (4), 1-14 McClure, P (2004) Reflection on practice, Retrieved 07.10.09 from: https://www.practicebasedlearning.org/resources/materials/docs/reflectiononpractice.pdf Reeves S, Zwarenstein M, Goldman J, Barr H, Freeth D, Hammick M Koppe I (2008) Interprofessional education: Effects on Professional practice and health care outcomes. Cochrane Database of systematic Reviews issue 1. Retrieved 11.10.09 from: https://mrw.interscience.wiley.com/cochrane/clsysrev/articles/CD002213/pdf_fs.html Richardson G Maltby H (1995) Reflection on practice: enhancing student learning. Journal of Advanced Nursing 22 (2), 235-242 Salls. J, Dolhi. C, Silverman. L Hansen. M (2009) The use of evidence-based practice by Occupational Therapy. Occupational Therapy in Health Care 23 (2), 134-14